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Addresses two major environmental issues associated with the earth1s atmosphere: global warming and the depletion of the atmosphere1s ozone layer. Begins with an assessment of how the atmosphere naturally influences the earth1s climate and how that climate has behaved in the past. It also deals with the potential depletion of the upper atmosphere1s protective ozone layer. The final chapter considers the linkages between these two issues, other atmospheric pollution problems, and human behavior, and examines what is being done and must be done to respond, both nationally and internationally. 40 charts, maps and tables. Emphasis on Canada.
This monograph reviews the establishment of new theories of the ozone hole and global climate change, two major scientific problems of global concern. It provides a comprehensive overview of the author's work including significant discoveries and pioneering contributions, such as the discovery of extremely effective dissociative electron transfer reactions of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) adsorbed on ice surfaces and its implications for atmospheric ozone depletion; the proposal of the cosmic-ray-driven electron-induced-reaction (CRE) theory for the ozone hole; the predictions of 11-year cyclic variations in polar ozone loss and stratospheric cooling; the discovery of the nearly perfect linear correlation between CFCs and global surface temperature; the proposal of the CFC theory for modern global warming; the discovery of greenhouse-gas-specific climate sensitivity and the parameter-free calculation of global surface temperature change caused by CFCs; the prediction of global cooling; and so on. Unlike conventional atmospheric and climate models, the author's theoretical models were established on robust observed data rather than computer simulations with multiple parameters. The new theories have shown the best agreements with the observed data within 10% uncertainties. This book highlights the scientific understandings of the world-concerned problems from the unique point of view of a physicist who seeks theories with great simplicity and superior predictive capacity. This book is self-contained and unified in presentation. It may be used as an advanced book by graduate students and even ambitious undergraduates in physics, chemistry, environmental and climate sciences. It is also suitable for non-expert readers and policy makers who wish to have an overview of the sciences behind atmospheric ozone depletion and global climate change. Contents:Basic Physics and Chemistry of the Earth's AtmosphereInteractions of Electrons with Atmospheric MoleculesConventional Understanding of Ozone DepletionThe Cosmic-Ray-Driven Theory of the Ozone Hole: Laboratory ObservationsThe Cosmic-Ray-Driven Theory of the Ozone Hole: Atmospheric ObservationsConventional Understanding of Climate ChangeNatural Drivers of Climate ChangeNew Theory of Global Climate ChangeImpacts on Science, Policy and Economics Readership: Graduate students in climate science, non-experts and policy makers who wish to have an overview of the sciences behind ozone depletion and global climate change. Key Features:Provides unique scientific understandings of the world-concerned problems from a physicist of penetrating thought and great intuitionDescribes the author's new theories that have great simplicity and superior predictive capacity with no complex mathematical equations and parametersPresents the author's predictions that have shown excellent agreements with observed dataKeywords:Global Warming;Global Cooling;Global Climate Change;Ozone Hole;Ozone Depletion;CFCs;Greenhouse Effect;Dissociative Electron Transfer Reactions;Ice Surface;Atmospheric Physics
Ozone depletion in the stratosphere and increases in greenhouse gases in the troposphere are both subjects of growing concernâ€"even alarmâ€"among scientists, policymakers, and the public. At the same time, recent data show that these atmospheric developments are interconnected and in turn profoundly affect climatic conditions. This volume presents the most up-to-date data and theories available on ozone depletion, greenhouse gases, and climatic change. These questions and more are addressed: What is the current understanding of the processes that destroy ozone in the atmosphere? What role do greenhouse gases play in ozone depletion?
Ozone depletion and climate change have usually been thought of as environmental issues with little in common other than their global scope and the major role played in each by CFCs and other halocarbons. With increased understanding of these issues, however, has come a growing recognition that a number of very important linkages exist between them. This document explores these linkages. It examines the influence of radiative processes on the atmosphere; the dynamics of the atmosphere; the chemistry of the atmosphere; and biogeochemical linkages. It also describes Canadian research and monitoring activities and policy implications.
A thought-provoking look at the unsettled science of global warming—from a former volcanologist, geophysicist, and US Geological Survey scientist. Thousands of scientists are convinced beyond any reasonable doubt that recent global warming is being caused by emissions of greenhouse gases and that we must act immediately to reduce these emissions or else we may render Earth unlivable for our children and grandchildren. Some even say “the science is settled.” What Really Causes Global Warming? examines a broad range of observations that show that greenhouse warming theory is not only misguided, but not physically possible. Recent warming was caused by ozone depletion due to emissions of human-manufactured gases. We solved that problem with the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer stopping the increase in global temperatures by 1998. Volcanoes also deplete ozone. The eruption of Bárðarbunga volcano in central Iceland from August 2014 to February 2015―the largest effusive, basaltic, volcanic eruption since 1783―caused 2015 to be the hottest year on record. How can we adapt?
The mountain of information coming out of the respective regimes on climate change, ozone depletion and air pollution is monumental
Essay from the year 2004 in the subject Environmental Sciences, grade: HD, Murdoch University (ISTP - Institute for Sustainability and Technology Policy), course: Ecology, Society, and Human Health, 31 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: In these days, global climatic changes that can be observed are rooted in human activities. The prevailing carbon-based economy makes issues like heating and electricity, population growth and industrialisation, transportation and mobility, over-consumption and globalisation the main contributors of emission of greenhouse gases, with the consequence (among others) of global warming, and thus a changing climate. These global changes have heightened awareness that the health of populations depends on the stability and functioning of the biosphere's ecological, physical, and socio-economic systems. The world's climate system is an integral part of the complex web of life-supporting processes. Climate and weather have always had a powerful impact on human health and well-being. But like other large natural systems, the global climate system is coming under pressure from human activities. Global climate change is, therefore, a newer challenge to ongoing efforts to protect human health. This essay examines the mentioned connectedness of human behaviour and the natural world. More specifically, it deals with the global issue of human induced climate change and its impacts on ecological health and human health, focusing on Germany. Following on from this, global and German mitigation policies are introduced and the health benefits are outlined. The starting point marks a brief discussion of the link between greenhouse gases and climate change. In connection with the issues of the ′greenhouse effect′ and ′climate change′, stratospheric ozone depletion is often also discussed. Undoubtedly, stratospheric ozone depletion has impacts on ecological and human health, however it is left out of consideration in this essay due