Image: An Integrated Model to Assess the Greenhouse Effect

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
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ISBN : 9400906919
Pages : 289 pages
Rating : 4.4/5 (9 users)


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This book is the result of a research project entitled "Reference function for Global Air Pollution/C0 " initiated by RIVM. It deals with the description 2 of a computer simulation model of the greenhouse effect. This model, IMAGE, tries to capture the fundamentals of the complex problem of climate change in a simplified way. The model is a multidisciplinary product and is based on knowledge from disciplines as economics, atmospheric chemistry, marine and terrestrial biogeochemistry, ecology, climatology, and glaciology. This book might be of interest for anyone working in the broad field of climate change. Furthermore, it can be useful for model builders, simulation experts, mathematicians etc. A PC version of the model will become avail able free of charge. Requests can be sent to the author. Although being the only author of this book, I could never have written it without the help of many other people. First of all I would like to thank Koos Vrieze, originally a colleague at RIVM, later my professor. Without his inspiring attitude I would have never finished this thesis. I am also very grateful to RIVM for giving me the opportunity to write this thesis. lowe many thanks to Hans de Boois and Rob Swart for their support and assis tance during the research. Furthermore, I would like to thank my trainees who have substantially contributed to the contents of this book.

Greenhouse Gases: Sources, Sinks and Mitigation

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Publisher : Springer Nature
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ISBN : 9811644829
Pages : 265 pages
Rating : 4.8/5 (116 users)


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This book begins with a brief background on greenhouse gases sources and sinks and continues with a discussion in different sectors including forest fluxes to human health and modeling techniques to policy measures. The chapters explore in detail about the GHG emission budgets, mitigation strategies, technical advancement and input-output analysis. Greenhouse gases (GHGs) occur naturally in our atmosphere and are essential to the survival of most of the organisms on the planet earth. GHGs such as such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone etc. play a major role in balancing the radiative budget, by absorbing or emitting some of the infrared rays reflecting from the earth’s surface. But unfortunately, anthropogenic activities like use of fossil fuel, intensive agriculture and livestock farming, use of synthetic fertilizers, deforestation, and industrial processes etc. have drastically interfered in the natural air composition, by releasing excess greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. This has led to the increase in the ability of the atmosphere to absorb more infrared energy. This book is a complete information set covering all aspects of GHGs, sources, sinks and control/mitigation strategies. This book is also written in simple language with helpful photographs, diagrams and flowcharts which will make the reader comfortable in understanding the concepts a more relatively easier way. The book is a valuable tool for students in Environmental Science, Ecology, Biological Science, Economics and Agriculture. It is unique to environmental consultants, researchers and other professionals involved in climate change studies, Non-governmental organizations (NGO’s).

Management of Nutrition in Forests under Stress

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
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ISBN : 9401132526
Pages : 676 pages
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Proceedings of the International Symposium, held in Freiburg, Germany, September 18-21, 1989

Cost-Benefit Analyses of Climate Change

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Publisher : Birkhäuser
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ISBN : 3034889283
Pages : 154 pages
Rating : 4.0/5 (348 users)


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The Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) was founded in 1992 as a "Blue List" research institute, with the Federal Ministry for Education, Science, Research and Technology and the Ministry for Science, Research and Culture of the federal state of Brandenburg each provid ing half ofthe funding. PIK currently has a staff of 100 (1997), including about 75 scientists and guest scientists, as well as a number of students and temporary assistants. Further expansion is taking place at the institute site in the "Albert Einstein" Science Park in Potsdam. The interdisciplinary nature of climate impact research, especially the interface between the natural scientific and socioeconomic dimensions of environmental research, is reflected at PIK in the close cooperation with partner institutes at national and international level. The flexible frame work created for the institute enables new problems and issues to be taken up as they arise. As a center of scientific innovation, PIK also coordinates international activities in the fields of climate impact research and Earth System analysis. The institute houses project offices for the IGBP international research programs, for example. Simulations of Global Change are performed on PIK's supercomputer using models and data drawn from various disciplines. The parallel compu ter (an IBM-SP2) boasts 20 gigaflops of computing power, making it one of the most powerful research computers in Germany. The Workshop on Cost-Benefit Analyses of Climate Change was jointly organized by PIK and the Wuppertal Institute for Energy, Climate, and Environment (WI).

Computational Science and Its Applications - ICCSA 2011

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
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ISBN : 3642218865
Pages : 765 pages
Rating : 4.6/5 (422 users)


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The five-volume set LNCS 6782 - 6786 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications, ICCSA 2011, held in Santander, Spain, in June 2011. The five volumes contain papers presenting a wealth of original research results in the field of computational science, from foundational issues in computer science and mathematics to advanced applications in virtually all sciences making use of computational techniques. The topics of the fully refereed papers are structured according to the five major conference themes: geographical analysis, urban modeling, spatial statistics; cities, technologies and planning; computational geometry and applications; computer aided modeling, simulation, and analysis; and mobile communications.

Terrestrial Biospheric Carbon Fluxes Quantification of Sinks and Sources of CO2

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
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ISBN : 9401119821
Pages : 696 pages
Rating : 4.4/5 (11 users)


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Towards the Balance and Management of the Carbon Budget of the Biosphere The current state of misunderstanding of the global C cycle and our failure to resolve an issue that has been debated for 100 years (Jones and Henderson-Sellers, 1990) speaks loudly about the limitations of modem science when faced with the complexity of the biosphere. Efforts to understand and balance the global C budget have gone through several phases. First was a holistic view of the C budget as part of efforts to understand the geochemistry of the Earth (e. g. , Clarke, 1908). Next, came a period of data collection and sythesis which focused on the diversity of sectors of the biosphere. This phase culminated in the early 1970's with the realization that humans were greatly impacting the global C cycle as measured at the Mauna Loa Observatory (Keeling et al. , 1973). New syntheses of the global C budget emerged at this time (Woodwell and Pacan, 1973; Bolin et al. , 1979). The next phase was one of controversy and intense focus on particular sectors of the biosphere. The controversy rested on discrepancies about the role of the terrestrial biota in the global C cycle and the failure to account for sufficient C sinks to absorb all the C emitted by land-use change in the tropics (Woodwell et al. , 1978, 1983; Houghton et al. , 1983).

Image 2.0

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
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ISBN : 9401112002
Pages : 321 pages
Rating : 4.4/5 (11 users)


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Only a few laboratories in the world have taken the bold step to attempt the integration of sub-models of the climate system, the global biogeochemical cycles and the human/societal components. This volume reports such a major undertaking and it is an important step towards an integrated approach to global change science. The IMAGE 2 model is important in demonstrating our current ability to model the complex global system.

Geographical Information '97

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Publisher : IOS Press
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ISBN : 9789051993318
Pages : 898 pages
Rating : 4.9/5 (933 users)


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Geographical Information is essential for the layout, planning and management of space, and involves taxation, cadastral data bases, environmental policy, water management, maintenance and protection of pipeline systems, terrain modelling and the making of maps. The third European conference brought together some 300 speakers and authors from academia, industry and government. The resulting monumental work is representative for the state-of-the-art of knowledge and information on Geographical Information.

Environmental Concerns

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Publisher : Trafford Publishing
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ISBN : 1553694619
Pages : 420 pages
Rating : 4.5/5 (536 users)


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Do you know the meaning of the following acronyms? How many of these can you identify? EPA, OSFR, NIOSHTIC, SHEEP, CISDDOC, SFIREG, SPALD, HSELINE, SGOMSEC, OSPED, MHIDAS, STALAPCO, OPPTS, SNRE, PRISMA, OPP-SRRD, SWDSCMA, OTAG, SOLAGRAL, OPPT-EETD, PFEER, OSTZ, OSSF, PEACE, OPP-BPPD, PACE, OW-AIEO, PARIS, PECSQA, PHHVAS, REED, PERI, VON, RTECS, PNUE, WAS, VCE, WBMEPD, UWQRPPSC, USAPEHEA, OTSB, TEOTWAWKI, TRIFID, and finally TYVM for buying this book. How many did you know for sure? The answers are contained in this book. If you knew all of these, you are an expert, but this book can still help you. If you knew about half, you are good, and this book can be very helpful. If you only knew a few, this book is absolutely necessary. Again, TYVM. This book can be a great source of enjoyment, entertainment and games. This book is an excellent source of acronyms and abbreviations for guessing games. Make up games and quiz friends about acronyms, abbreviations and their meanings. See who is the fastest in finding the meaning of an acronym or who can find the most acronyms from page-to-page in two minutes.

Climate Change 2001: Mitigation

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
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ISBN : 9780521015028
Pages : 724 pages
Rating : 4.0/5 (15 users)


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IPCC assessment of the scientific, technical, environmental, economic, and social aspects of the mitigation of climate change.

Environmental Modelling

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
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ISBN : 0470749113
Pages : 493 pages
Rating : 4.4/5 (77 users)


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Simulation models are an established method used to investigate processes and solve practical problems in a wide variety of disciplines. Central to the concept of this second edition is the idea that environmental systems are complex, open systems. The authors present the diversity of approaches to dealing with environmental complexity and then encourage readers to make comparisons between these approaches and between different disciplines. Environmental Modelling: Finding Simplicity in Complexity 2nd edition is divided into four main sections: An overview of methods and approaches to modelling. State of the art for modelling environmental processes Tools used and models for management Current and future developments. The second edition evolves from the first by providing additional emphasis and material for those students wishing to specialize in environmental modelling. This edition: Focuses on simplifying complex environmental systems. Reviews current software, tools and techniques for modelling. Gives practical examples from a wide variety of disciplines, e.g. climatology, ecology, hydrology, geomorphology and engineering. Has an associated website containing colour images, links to WWW resources and chapter support pages, including data sets relating to case studies, exercises and model animations. This book is suitable for final year undergraduates and postgraduates in environmental modelling, environmental science, civil engineering and biology who will already be familiar with the subject and are moving on to specialize in the field. It is also designed to appeal to professionals interested in the environmental sciences, including environmental consultants, government employees, civil engineers, geographers, ecologists, meteorologists, and geochemists.

Modeling Environmental Policy

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
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ISBN : 9401153728
Pages : 204 pages
Rating : 4.4/5 (11 users)


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Modeling Environmental Policy demonstrates the link between physical models of the environment and policy analysis in support of policy making. Each chapter addresses an environmental policy issue using a quantitative modeling approach. The volume addresses three general areas of environmental policy - non-point source pollution in the agricultural sector, pollution generated in the extractive industries, and transboundary pollutants from burning fossil fuels. The book concludes by discussing the modeling efforts and the use of mathematical models in general.

Integrated Science

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Publisher : Springer Nature
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ISBN : 3030652734
Pages : 495 pages
Rating : 4.0/5 (36 users)


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Integrated Science: Science without Borders” is the first volume of the INTEGRATED SCIENCE Book series, aiming to publish the results of the most updated ideas and reviews in transdisciplinary fields and to highlight the integration of discrete disciplines, including formal sciences, physical-chemical sciences and engineering, biological sciences, medical sciences, and social sciences. This volume primarily focuses on the research involving the integration of two or more academic fields offering an innovative, borderless view, which is one of the main focuses of the Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN). The whole world is suffering from complex problems; these are borderless problems; thus, a borderless solution could merely solve such complex issues. Transdisciplinarity is a domain, that researchers work jointly, using a shared conceptual framework, drawing together disciplinary-specific theories, concepts, and approaches to address common problems. Lack of confidence, lack of expertise, complexities of healthcare, the confusing nature of healthcare environments, and lack of organization and standardization are the obstacles of successful scientific communication. Consequently, this book provides an overview of the essential elements of transdisciplinary studies and integrated science. The unique aspect of this book -privileging it from other books- is covering all aspects of science as harmonies of a single symphony.

The Oxford Handbook of the Macroeconomics of Global Warming

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Publisher : Oxford Handbooks
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ISBN : 0199856974
Pages : 721 pages
Rating : 4.1/5 (998 users)


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Dialogue on global warming has progressed from the Kyoto Protocol to meetings in Copenhagen and Cancun and will soon resume in meetings in South Africa. Some observers consider the Copenhagen conference a failure. EU representatives, in contrast, present an optimistic evaluation of achieving a global temperature rise limit of not more than 2°C by 2100. Geoscience researchers and lead investigators of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) have supported CO2 emission reduction pledges and contend that we can achieve the 2°C limit through international coordination. This position conflicts with evaluations of United States Congressional and Presidential advisors, who do not believe the Copenhagen CO2 reduction commitments can hold the global warming increase to below 2°C and who have not supported the agreement. Developing countries are alarmed, because climate change is expected to hit them hardest. The developed world will use energy to mitigate global warming effects, but developing countries are more exposed by geography and poverty to the most dangerous consequences of a global temperature rise. The Oxford Handbook of the Macroeconomics of Global Warming analyzes the macroeconomics of global warming, especially the economics of possible preventative measures, various policy changes, and potential effects of climate change on developing and developed nations.

Environmental Systems - Volume II

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Publisher : EOLSS Publications
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ISBN : 1848262116
Pages : 356 pages
Rating : 4.8/5 (482 users)


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Environmental Systems is a component of Encyclopedia of Environmental and Ecological Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. Environmental Systems is something about data handling, modeling and decision making in the field of environmental systems. It includes related basic knowledge on measurement techniques, modeling techniques and models and their applications for decisions making. Environmental engineering / research are based on measurement techniques and related knowledge of natural and life sciences. Developed mathematical and numerical simulation models are tools and strictly purpose oriented, that means suitable for decision making. The three volumes on Environmental Systems are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, managers, and decision makers and NGOs.